The emerging role of AI in enhancing intratumoral immunotherapy care

The emergence of immunotherapy (IO), and more recently intratumoral IO presents a novel approach to cancer treatment which can enhance immune responses while allowing combination therapy and reducing systemic adverse events. These techniques are intended to change the therapeutic paradigm of oncology care, and means that traditional assessment methods are inadequate, underlining the importance of adopting innovative approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) with machine learning algorithms and radiomics are promising approaches, offering new insights into patient care by analyzing complex imaging data to identify biomarkers to refine diagnosis, guide interventions, predict treatment responses, and adapt therapeutic strategies. In this editorial, we explore how integrating these technologies could revolutionize personalized oncology. We discuss their potential to enhance the survival and quality of life of patients treated with intratumoral IO by improving treatment effectiveness and minimizing side effects, potentially reshaping practice guidelines. We also identify areas for future research and review clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of these promising approaches.