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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Psychedelic mushroom-containing chocolate exposures: Case series.

Hayley T Gartner1, Herbert Z Wan1, Reeves E Simmons1

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Recreational mushroom chocolate ingestion, often intentional, led to serious effects like mental status changes and paranoia in adolescents. While most cases resolved, some required medical intervention, highlighting the need for further research into these products.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Recreational use of psilocybin/psilocin-containing products is increasing.
  • Emerging mushroom-containing products pose risks, with limited understanding of health consequences.
  • Poison control centers are receiving reports of adverse events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize exposures to mushroom-containing chocolate products.
  • To describe patient demographics, clinical effects, treatments, and outcomes.
  • To understand the severity of clinical outcomes following ingestion.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of patients exposed to mushroom-containing chocolate.
  • Data collected from three poison centers between January 2023 and August 2024.
  • Inclusion criteria: exposure to mushroom chocolate; exclusion criteria: unrelated product ingestion or insufficient data.

Main Results:

  • 36 cases met study criteria; median patient age was 17 years.
  • Most exposures (64%) were intentional, with 20 cases of abuse/misuse.
  • Common effects: mental status changes (76%), paranoia/hallucinations (28%), dysrhythmias (19%); one seizure reported. Effects lasted 3-24 hours. No fatalities.

Conclusions:

  • Some patients experienced serious clinical effects after ingesting mushroom chocolate.
  • This study characterizes patient demographics, effects, and outcomes of these exposures.
  • Larger cohorts are needed to identify factors influencing clinical outcomes.