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Mac-1 Alongside Platelet-Monocyte Aggregates as Potential Markers in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Hojat Shahraki1, Mohammad Esmail Gheydari2, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi1
1Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) are elevated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. These markers show potential for diagnosing ACS, highlighting their role in the disease.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of death, with atherosclerosis being a primary driver.
- Platelet-leukocyte interactions, particularly platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA), are implicated in atherosclerosis development and progression.
- Specific integrins like macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (Lfa-1) are crucial for leukocyte recruitment in inflammatory processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate platelet-monocyte aggregate (PMA) levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
- To assess the expression of macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (Lfa-1) in ACS patients.
- To determine the diagnostic accuracy of PMA, Mac-1, and Lfa-1 as biomarkers for ACS.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 32 ACS patients and 30 healthy controls.
- Flow cytometry was used to measure PMA expression and the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Mac-1 and Lfa-1.
- Pearson correlation, multilevel modeling, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to analyze relationships and diagnostic accuracy.
Main Results:
- ACS patients exhibited significantly higher PMA levels compared to controls (P<0.001).
- Elevated CD18 and CD11b expression on monocytes was observed in ACS patients, positively correlating with PMA.
- PMA and Mac-1 demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.94 and AUC=0.84, respectively) in differentiating ACS patients from healthy individuals.
Conclusions:
- Patients with ACS show increased levels of both Mac-1 and PMA.
- The significant association between Mac-1 and PMA suggests a potential role for these markers in the pathophysiology of ACS.
- PMA and Mac-1 are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome.
Objective:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis serving as a primary factor in their development. Platelets, leukocytes, and their interactions play a crucial role in initiating and amplifying atherosclerosis. This study aims to evaluate the levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA) and specific integrins involved in leukocyte recruitment, including macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) and lymphocyte functionassociated antigen-1 (Lfa-1), in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Materials And Methods:
In this case-control study, thirty-two subjects with ACS and 30 healthy individuals participated. It aimed to evaluate PMA expression and the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Mac-1 and Lfa-1 using flow cytometry. Dot plots and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed to examine the relationship between PMA, Mac-1, and Lfa-1. Multilevel model analysis was used to explore the effects and relationships of various parameters, including Mac-1 and Lfa-1, on PMA. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PMA, Mac-1, and Lfa-1 markers.
Results:
It was observed that patients had higher PMA levels compared to the control group (58.99 ± 16.27 vs. 29.99 ± 4.19 in controls, P<0.001), which correlated with PLT (ρ=0.512, P=0.035). Additionally, CD18 and CD11b expression on monocytes were significantly elevated in patients (P<0.001) and were positively associated with PMA (β=19.09, P<0.001; β=6.90, P=0.022), but no significant relationship between CD11a and PMA was observed (β=5.06, P=0.315). PMA and Mac-1 were identified as better markers for differentiating patients from healthy individuals. (respectively, AUC=0.94, Sensitivity= 0.84, specificity=0.98; AUC=0.84, Sensitivity= 0.93, specificity=0.70).
Conclusion:
The study results indicated an increase in both Mac-1 and PMA levels in patients with ACS. Additionally, the significant association observed between Mac-1 and PMA in the patient group suggests a potential relationship between these markers and ACS.
