In vitro, bioassay guided identification of anticancer compounds from Vitex negundo Linn. Leaf using T98 glioma cells

Gliomas, the most devastating of brain tumours, pose immense therapeutic challenges due to the adverse effects of standard chemotherapeutic drugs. Seeking alternatives, natural products have emerged as promising sources for cancer treatment. Vitex negundo, a significant medicinal plant in traditional medicine, offers potential remedies for various ailments. In this study, fractionation via column chromatography we isolated fraction #25 from leaves of Vitex negundo. Employing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, and HRLC-MS for compound identification, we investigated its effects on glioma cells. Results indicate that fraction #25 significantly reduces glioma cell viability and proliferation, inhibits cell migration in a dose-dependent manner, and arrests the cell cycle at G1 phase. Compound analysis reveals the presence of potent antiproliferative agents, including 7-hydroxy-3,4,5,6,8-pentamethoxyflavone, Virol-B, Momordin Ia, and Oryzalexin A. These findings underscore the potential of Vitex negundo as a source of anticancer compounds against glioma cells.