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Updated: Jun 12, 2025
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
Combination of Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Diseases in a Syndrome Named Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic,
Ziad A Massy1,2,3, Tilman B Drueke1
1Inserm Unit 1018, Team 5, CESP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Paris-Sud University (UPS) and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University, UVSQ), Villejuif, France.
Insights
The American Heart Association introduced the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, linking metabolic issues, kidney disease, and heart health. New PREVENT equations integrate kidney function for better cardiovascular risk prediction and management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have recognized associations.
- Previous research focused on pairwise relationships between these conditions.
- The American Heart Association (AHA) convened a multidisciplinary group to address their interconnectedness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a unified concept, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, integrating metabolic risk factors, CKD, and the cardiovascular system.
- To develop novel risk prediction equations incorporating kidney function for CVD events.
Main Methods:
- A consensus approach was used to define CKM syndrome across 5 stages.
- New risk prediction equations, PREVENT equations, were developed.
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria were included alongside traditional factors in PREVENT equations.
Main Results:
- The CKM syndrome concept unifies understanding of the complex interplay between metabolic, kidney, and cardiovascular health.
- The PREVENT equations represent a significant advancement in cardiovascular risk prediction by including renal parameters.
- These advancements facilitate a more comprehensive assessment of patient risk.
Conclusions:
- The CKM syndrome framework provides a holistic view of interrelated chronic diseases.
- The PREVENT equations offer improved cardiovascular risk prediction, incorporating kidney function.
- Clinical application of these tools promises earlier and more effective prevention and treatment strategies for CKM syndrome.
Abstract:
Associations of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have long been recognized. Until recently, such associations were mainly limited to interrelationships between either heart and kidney, heart and metabolic syndrome, or metabolic syndrome and kidney. It is the merit of the American Heart Association (AHA) to have set up a work group of cardiologists, endocrinologists, and nephrologists for the purpose of combining all 3 disorders in a single entity, as an appreciation of their pathophysiological interrelatedness. To this end, they proposed the term cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, which reflects multidirectional relationships among metabolic risk factors, CKD, and the cardiovascular system. Following a consensus approach in defining CKM with 5 stages, the work group subsequently developed new risk prediction equations, named predicting risk of CVD events (PREVENT) equations, which included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria as variables in addition to traditional cardiovascular and metabolic factors. Despite several limitations, this development is a major step forward in cardiovascular risk prediction. Its clinical application should translate into earlier, more appropriate treatment and prevention of CKM syndrome.
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