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Related Concept Videos

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Investigating Working Memory Deficits in School-Age Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An

I-Hsuan Shen1,2, Wei-En Wang1,3, Hsing-Chang Ni2,4

  • 1Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

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|September 18, 2024
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Summary

Children with ADHD show working memory (WM) deficits, including slower processing and reduced neural resources, especially under high cognitive load. These findings highlight central executive system impairments in ADHD.

Keywords:
ADHDchildrenevent-related potentialmemory loadworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with cognitive deficits.
  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for executive functions and is often impaired in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying working memory (WM) deficits in children with ADHD.
  • To compare WM performance and neural activity between children with ADHD and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-four children with ADHD and 34 matched controls completed neuropsychological tests.
  • Spatial and verbal versions of modified delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) tasks were used.
  • Event-related potential (ERP) technique was employed to measure neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD exhibited poorer behavioral performance on WM tasks.
  • Delayed P3 latencies during encoding and delayed P2/N2 latencies during retrieval were observed in spatial tasks.
  • A smaller P3 amplitude during verbal encoding under high load suggested reduced neural resource allocation in ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD show significant deficits in the central executive system of WM.
  • Slower processing speed during encoding and reduced neural resource allocation under high load are characteristic of ADHD.
  • These findings provide insights into the neural basis of WM impairments in ADHD.