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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Visually induced involuntary arm, head, and torso movements.

Alexandra Martin1, Avijit Bakshi1, Joel Ventura1

  • 1Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, MS 033, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.

Experimental Brain Research
|September 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Visually induced self-rotation and displacement (SR&D) caused significant unintentional arm deviations in standing subjects. However, pointing at a target reduced these deviations, suggesting a mechanism for correcting illusory self-motion effects.

Keywords:
Coriolis forcesIllusory body motionInvoluntary arm, head and torso displacementsJoystick controlManual following responsePass PointingSpatial disorientation

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Area of Science:

  • Human motor control
  • Perception and sensory processing
  • Vestibular and visual-vestibular interactions

Background:

  • Illusory self-motion, such as visually induced self-rotation and displacement (SR&D), can affect motor responses.
  • The manual following response (MFR) is a known mechanism influencing passive arm control and target maintenance.
  • Understanding how visual-vestibular information influences body posture and arm movements is crucial for explaining perceptual-motor phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of SR&D on the arm, head, and torso posture in standing subjects.
  • To examine how actively pointing towards a target influences these deviations during SR&D.
  • To relate the observed deviations to existing models of motor control, including the MFR and visual-vestibular convergence.

Main Methods:

  • 12 standing subjects participated in 75-second trials involving visually induced self-rotation and displacement.
  • Arm movements were assessed under 'Free' conditions and a 'Tool condition' where subjects held a rod.
  • Arm deviations were measured when the arm was extended freely or pointing at a proprioceptively specified target.

Main Results:

  • Subjects showed significant unintentional arm deviations (averaging 55°) in the direction opposite to illusory self-motion in Free conditions.
  • Pointing at a target reduced these arm deviations by approximately 80%, indicating a corrective mechanism.
  • Deviations in head and torso positions also occurred, preceding the subjective experience of SR&D, and were partially correctable by pointing.

Conclusions:

  • The manual following response (MFR) mechanism appears to extend to passive arm control and target maintenance during SR&D.
  • Visual-vestibular convergence in neural pathways likely underlies the observed body and arm deviations.
  • Findings have implications for vehicle control in environments prone to inducing illusory self-motion and displacement.