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Ocular Accommodative and Pupillary Responses During Fixation on Augmented Reality With a Maxwellian Display
Masakazu Hirota1,2,3,4, Kakeru Sasaki1, Kanako Kato1
1Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|September 18, 2024
Summary
Augmented reality (AR) using a Maxwellian display causes eye accommodation and pupil changes. These visual responses are influenced by real object distances, indicating AR does not fully eliminate natural accommodation.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Augmented reality (AR) systems offer immersive visual experiences.
- Understanding the visual impact of AR displays, particularly Maxwellian systems, is crucial for user comfort and visual health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate ocular refraction and pupillary diameter changes during fixation on AR images presented via a Maxwellian display.
- To assess the relationship between accommodative and pupillary responses in an AR environment.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-two healthy young adults participated.
- Participants fixated on real and AR targets using a Maxwellian display at various distances.
- Ocular refraction and pupillary diameter of the non-displayed eye were measured using a binocular open-view autorefractometer.
Main Results:
- Negative accommodative and pupillary responses were observed, particularly with farther real target distances.
- A significant positive correlation was found between accommodative and pupillary responses during AR target fixation (R² = 0.187, P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Fixating on AR images with a Maxwellian display elicits accommodative and pupillary responses.
- Accommodative responses are distance-dependent for real objects.
- Maxwellian displays do not entirely eliminate accommodation in real space.
