Multimorbidity Patterns, Leisure Activities, and Cognitive Function: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

There is limited knowledge about the effect of leisure activities on cognitive decline related to different multimorbidity patterns. The study aimed to examine the role of leisure activities in the association between multimorbidity patterns and cognitive function.

We conducted a community-based cohort study based on the 2002-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey. Multimorbidity patterns were examined by exploratory factor analysis. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between multimorbidity, leisure activities, and cognitive function.

The study included 14 093 older adults. Those with specific multimorbidity patterns had lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Compared with individuals with cardiometabolic and sensory patterns who frequently engaged in activities such as housework, garden work, and watching TV/listening to the radio, those who participated in these activities less regularly had lower MMSE scores. Furthermore, a higher frequency change of participation and a greater variety of leisure activities were associated with better cognitive function.

The older individuals with multimorbidity are associated with lower MMSE scores, while those who participated in more leisure activities had higher cognitive function. Diverse and frequent leisure activities may help delay cognitive decline in Chinese older adults with different multimorbidities.