Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2025
07:13
Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
Published on: April 9, 2021
4.2K
Defining long COVID using a population-based SARS-CoV-2 survey in California
Jake M Pry1, Kalyani McCullough2, Kristina Wen-Jeh Lai2
1California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Vaccine
|September 18, 2024
Summary
Estimates for long COVID prevalence vary significantly based on definition. Severe initial COVID-19 infection increases the risk of developing long COVID, with vaccination potentially lowering prevalence.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 burden and post-acute sequela of COVID (PASC), or long COVID, is still evolving years into the pandemic.
- Prevalence estimates for long COVID remain disparate and uncertain.
- Large-scale serosurveillance studies are crucial for refining these estimates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess long COVID prevalence estimates using five different definitions.
- To identify predictors of long COVID among California residents.
- To analyze the impact of vaccination on long COVID prevalence.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional survey conducted by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH).
- Inclusion of demographic information, clinical symptoms, and COVID-19 vaccination history.
- Logistic regression analysis to assess prevalence and predictors of long COVID across different definitions.
Main Results:
- Analysis included 2883 participants, predominantly female (62.5%), median age 39 years.
- Long COVID prevalence varied by definition, with highest prevalence (20.9%) for incomplete recovery and lowest (4.9%) for severe long COVID.
- Primary vaccination series completion was associated with significantly lower long COVID prevalence.
Conclusions:
- Significant differences exist in estimated long COVID prevalence depending on the definition used.
- Individuals experiencing severe initial COVID-19 infection are at higher risk for developing long COVID.
- Vaccination status is a significant factor influencing long COVID prevalence.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Longitudinal Research
11.9K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
11.9K
01:26Longitudinal Studies
142
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
142
01:08Data Collection by Observations
11.8K
Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
11.8K
02:16Surveys
14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.7K
01:18Steps in Outbreak Investigation
108
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
108
01:11Observational Studies
8.2K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
8.2K