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Updated: Jun 12, 2025
Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
Published on: December 22, 2023
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided coil embolization and cyanoacrylate injection versus cyanoacrylate injection alone
Ashok Jhajharia1, Sumit Yadav1, Shashank Singh1
1Gastroenterology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Background:
Bleeding from gastric varices is life-threatening, with significant rebleeding risk despite standard cyanoacrylate glue injection therapy. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided coil embolization with cyanoacrylate injection (Coil+CYA) compared with EUS-guided cyanoacrylate injection alone (CYA) for the treatment of gastric varices.
Methods:
The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center in India, using a single-blinded, prospective, and parallel-group randomized design. A total of 50 patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to Coil+CYA or CYA. The primary outcome was clinical success (i.e. variceal obliteration). Secondary outcomes involved technical success, gastric variceal recurrence during follow-up, rebleeding episodes, reintervention, and survival.
Results:
Post-intervention, gastric variceal obliteration assessed by EUS was higher in the Coil+CYA group (100% vs. 92.3%; P = 0.49), with both groups achieving 100% technical success. Rebleeding episodes during 0-12 and 12-24 weeks were comparable in the two groups. At 12 weeks, on EUS, variceal reappearance was less common in the Coil+CYA group (12.5% vs. 19.2%; P = 0.70). Significantly fewer reinterventions were needed in the Coil+CYA group (20.8% vs. 53.8%; P = 0.03). The time to reintervention was significantly longer in the Coil+CYA group (P = 0.01), and the survival time was also longer (P = 0.04).
Conclusions:
EUS-guided coil embolization with cyanoacrylate injection achieved superior clinical success, reducing the need for reintervention and resulting in improved survival compared with cyanoacrylate injection alone.
