Organic acid-fractionated lignin silver nanoparticles: Antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant characteristics

Bioactive substances are utilized to treat a variety of diseases. Green lignin-mediated silver nanoparticles (L-Ag-NPs) have significant promise as a building block in the production of bio-renovation materials. The work optimized organic acid extraction to remove lignin from residual fermented hybrid Napier grass byproducts. We subsequently produced L-Ag-NPs. FTIR, XRD, DLS, and STEM characterized the sample. L-Ag-NPs were tested for antioxidant activity with the DPPH, DMPD, FRAP, and ABTS assays, as well as antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using four pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli). In contrast, cytotoxicity and ROS production assays were carried out using the HeLa cell line. The findings showed that L-Ag-NPs had high antioxidant efficiency. For each bacteria isolate, the antimicrobial activity showed favorable growth inhibition, with significant variations in L-Ag-NPs. L-Ag-NPs were reported to have an IC₅₀ of 43.61 g/mL in the cytotoxicity test, and a significant increase in ROS generation was seen. In conclusion, L-Ag NPs have an excellent prospect in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries and can be a dependable and environmentally safe material for their potential use.