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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature
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Nurturing attention through nature.

Nitika Singh1, Clemens Baumbach2, Mikołaj Compa1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

Environmental Research
|September 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Exposure to nature, like trees and gardens, may improve attention in adolescents. Grass cover, however, showed negative impacts on attention in this Polish study. Further research is needed to understand these effects.

Keywords:
Attention network testBlue spaceContinuous performance testEpidemiologyGreen spaceMediation analysisMental health

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Existing research links nature exposure to better attention.
  • Limited studies explore mechanisms or include "bluespace" (water bodies).
  • This study is the first observational research using Polish data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between nature exposure and attention in adolescents.
  • To explore if nature perception, physical activity, or sleep duration mediate this relationship.
  • To analyze the impact of different natural elements (trees, grass, water, gardens) on attention.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study (NeuroSmog) with 195 adolescents with ADHD and 457 controls (ages 10-13).
  • Attention assessed via computerized tests (Attention Network Test, Continuous Performance Test).
  • Nature exposure quantified by green/blue space within 500m, including tree/grass cover and water presence; domestic gardens also considered.

Main Results:

  • Higher tree cover associated with improved orienting ability in ADHD participants.
  • Grass cover showed mixed results, with some negative impacts on attention for both groups.
  • Water presence and domestic gardens linked to better attention outcomes in non-ADHD participants.

Conclusions:

  • Tree cover, gardens, and water presence show potential benefits for adolescent attention in Poland.
  • Grass cover may have detrimental effects on attention.
  • No mediating pathways were identified in this study.