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Interactions of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Part 1: JACC

Shahrokh Javaheri1, Sogol Javaheri1, Virend K Somers1

  • 1TriHealth Bethesda North Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|September 18, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Poor sleep health, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), significantly impacts cardiovascular health, leading to serious cardiometabolic consequences and increased mortality risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Sleep health is crucial for cardiovascular well-being, with deviations from normal sleep linked to adverse outcomes.
  • Impaired sleep quantity and quality, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), are associated with cardiometabolic issues.
  • OSA involves physiological disturbances like altered blood gases and increased sympathetic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between sleep disorders, particularly OSA, and cardiovascular health.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which OSA may increase cardiovascular disease risk.
  • To highlight the association of OSA with various cardiovascular conditions and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on sleep disorders and cardiovascular health.
  • Analysis of physiological changes associated with OSA.
  • Examination of epidemiological data linking OSA to cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

  • OSA is linked to hypertension, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
  • Altered gut microbiota in OSA patients may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Comorbidities like COPD and obesity with OSA (overlap and obesity hypoventilation syndromes) elevate mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep health, especially the management of OSA, is vital for preventing cardiovascular disease.
  • OSA's multifaceted impact on the body underscores the need for integrated treatment approaches.
  • Addressing sleep disorders is essential for improving cardiovascular outcomes and reducing mortality.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationcardiovascular diseasecardiovascular mortalitycoronary heart diseasehypertensionobstructive sleep apnea

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