Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

919
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
919
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

686
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
686
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

960
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
960
Mutations01:39

Mutations

81.0K
Overview
81.0K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

4.7K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
4.7K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

536
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
536

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Restoration of the human skin microbiome following immune recovery after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Cell host & microbe·2025
Same author

Factors associated with and kinetics of anti-IFN-α autoantibodies in <i>RAG1/2</i> deficiency.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global·2025
Same author

Navigating disruption in the PID landscape: embracing opportunities and anticipating threats in the next ten years.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

A novel frameshift mutation in Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (<i>PIK3R1</i>) causes immunodeficiency and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Inborn errors of immunity: manifestation, treatment, and outcome - an ESID registry 1994-2024 report on 30,628 patients.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Long-term outcome in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and X-linked thrombocytopenia patients: an observational -prospective multi-center study of the Italian Primary Immune Deficiency Network (IPINET).

EClinicalMedicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

15.9K

Genetically-determined defects of T cell development.

Luigi D Notarangelo

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |September 19, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) involves genetic defects impairing T-cell development, leading to lymphopenia and severe infections. Early detection via newborn screening significantly improves survival outcomes with treatments like hematopoietic cell transplantation.

    More Related Videos

    Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
    07:12

    Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

    Published on: April 16, 2015

    52.0K
    Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
    10:33

    Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

    Published on: December 7, 2015

    9.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

    Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
    15:33

    Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

    Published on: August 13, 2013

    15.9K
    Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
    07:12

    Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

    Published on: April 16, 2015

    52.0K
    Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
    10:33

    Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

    Published on: December 7, 2015

    9.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Genetics
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) encompasses genetic defects hindering T-cell development and intrathymic differentiation.
    • This results in peripheral T-cell lymphopenia, increasing susceptibility to life-threatening infections from infancy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of SCID, including its genetic basis, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies.
    • To highlight the impact of early diagnosis through newborn screening on patient outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on T-cell development defects and SCID.
    • Analysis of the mechanisms underlying impaired T-cell differentiation.
    • Examination of current and emerging treatment modalities for SCID.

    Main Results:

    • SCID presents as a heterogeneous group of disorders, primarily caused by genetic defects affecting T-cell progenitor differentiation.
    • Leaky SCID variants exhibit partial T-cell development due to residual gene function.
    • Impaired thymic stromal cells can also contribute to SCID pathogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • SCID is a fatal condition requiring immune reconstitution, typically via hematopoietic cell transplantation.
    • Alternative treatments include enzyme replacement, gene therapy, and thymus implantation in specific cases.
    • Newborn screening enables prompt SCID recognition, significantly improving survival rates post-transplantation.