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Work distribution for unzipping processes.

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  • 1<a href="https://ror.org/033n9gh91">Institut für Physik, Universität Oldenburg</a>, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.

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Summary
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This study introduces a zipper model for DNA and RNA structures, analyzing phase transitions and work distributions under external forces. The findings reveal distinct behaviors at critical forces and provide analytical work distributions validated by simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical mechanics
  • Biophysics
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • A simplified zipper model represents biological structures like DNA and RNA hairpins.
  • These systems are analyzed under thermal fluctuations and external forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and analyze a zipper model for DNA and RNA hairpin structures.
  • To investigate the phase transitions and work distributions under external forces and temperature.
  • To provide analytical expressions for length and work distributions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a zipper model coupled to a heat bath and external force.
  • Analytical computation of the free length distribution P(L) in the thermodynamic limit.
  • Derivation of the work distribution P(W) for quasistatic processes using linear force protocols.

Main Results:

  • A first-order zipping-unzipping phase transition occurs at a critical force f_{c}(T).
  • The free length distribution P(L) shows distinct qualitative differences for forces below, at, and above the critical force.
  • Analytical expressions for the work distribution P(W) were derived and validated against numerical simulations for large deviations.

Conclusions:

  • The zipper model effectively captures phase transitions in biological macromolecules.
  • Analytical predictions for length and work distributions are accurate, even for extremely small probabilities.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding the statistical mechanics of force-induced transitions in biopolymers.