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Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

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Phase ordering in binary mixtures of active nematic fluids.

Saraswat Bhattacharyya¹, Julia M Yeomans¹

¹Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Parks Road, <a href="https://ror.org/052gg0110">University of Oxford</a>, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E

|September 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mixtures of active nematic fluids exhibit turbulent microphase separation, where domains chaotically form and disintegrate. This phenomenon is amplified by elastic alignment or substrate friction, impacting biological systems like cell sorting.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Soft Matter Physics
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Active nematic fluids exhibit complex behaviors driven by self-propulsion.
Understanding mixtures of active fluids is crucial for modeling biological systems.
Microphase separation is a key phenomenon in various fluid systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the microphase separation dynamics in mixtures of two active nematic fluids.
To determine the influence of differing activities and inter-component interactions on phase separation.
To explore the role of elastic alignment and substrate friction in enhancing these dynamics.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a continuum, two-fluid model to simulate the behavior of active nematic fluid mixtures.
Analyzing the formation and disintegration of domains within an active turbulent background.
Quantifying the impact of elastic nematic alignment and substrate friction on microphase separation.

Main Results:

Observed turbulent microphase separation in mixtures of active nematic fluids, even without thermodynamic ordering.
Demonstrated that elastic alignment and substrate friction significantly enhance microphase separation.
Identified relative flows between species, driven by active anchoring at concentration gradients, as the underlying mechanism.

Conclusions:

Active nematic mixtures can undergo turbulent microphase separation influenced by component activities and interactions.
Elastic alignment and substrate friction are critical factors that amplify microphase separation in these systems.
The findings offer insights into epithelial cell sorting and the dynamics of multispecies bacterial colonies.