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Heat capacity of periodically driven two-level systems.

Elena Rufeil Fiori1,2, Christian Maes1

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We define heat capacity for driven systems, finding the Schottky peak persists but reveals kinetic information unlike equilibrium systems. This heat capacity still vanishes at absolute zero, but at a different rate.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding heat capacity in driven systems is crucial for nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
  • Dissipative two-level systems provide a model for studying driven quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and compute heat capacity for steady periodically driven systems.
  • To investigate the influence of kinetic information and driving parameters on heat capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Defining heat capacity for periodically driven systems.
  • Computing heat capacity for dissipative two-level systems with a time-modulated energy gap.
  • Analyzing the dependence on ambient temperature, transition rates, and driving frequency/amplitude.

Main Results:

  • The Schottky peak remains dominant in the heat capacity of driven two-level systems.
  • Nonequilibrium heat capacity reveals kinetic information, including transition rates and kinetic barriers.
  • Heat capacity vanishes at absolute zero but at a different rate compared to equilibrium systems.

Conclusions:

  • The study extends the concept of heat capacity to driven systems, incorporating kinetic information.
  • Nonequilibrium thermodynamics can be probed through heat capacity measurements, revealing insights into system dynamics.
  • The findings have implications for understanding thermal properties in periodically driven quantum systems.