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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Age-related changes of node degree in the multiple-demand network predict fluid intelligence.

Lizhi Yu1, Qin Zhang1, Xiaoyang Li1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China.

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|September 19, 2024
PubMed
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Aging reduces fluid intelligence, the ability to handle complex situations. Brain network stability, particularly in the multiple-demand network (MDN), is crucial for maintaining cognitive function throughout adulthood.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging Research
  • Brain Network Analysis

Background:

  • Fluid intelligence, essential for complex problem-solving, naturally declines with age in adults.
  • This cognitive function relies on the coordinated activity and structural integrity of widespread brain regions.
  • Understanding age-related changes in brain connectivity is vital for developing interventions against cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain structural connectivity and fluid intelligence across the adult lifespan.
  • To identify specific brain regions and network properties associated with age-related fluid intelligence decline.
  • To explore the role of the multiple-demand network (MDN) in maintaining fluid intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from 454 healthy adults (aged 18-87) from the Cam-CAN dataset.
  • Constructed structural similarity networks and calculated node degree centrality for each participant.
  • Employed Spearman correlation and partial least squares (PLS) regression to analyze age, network properties, and fluid intelligence.

Main Results:

  • Age-related changes in degree centrality varied across brain regions, with increases in the cingulate cortex and insula, and decreases in orbito-frontal and precentral regions.
  • The multiple-demand network (MDN) nodes, including the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, showed significant links to fluid intelligence.
  • Increased degree centrality in the anterior cingulate cortex and left insula partially explained the decline in fluid intelligence with age.

Conclusions:

  • Structural stability within the multiple-demand network (MDN) appears to be a key factor in preserving fluid intelligence during aging.
  • These findings highlight specific brain network alterations associated with cognitive aging and provide targets for future research.
  • The study underscores the importance of brain network integrity for maintaining cognitive abilities throughout adulthood.