A Biparatopic Intrabody Renders Vero Cells Impervious to Ricin Intoxication

Expression of camelid-derived, single-domain antibodies (V_HHs) within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells as "intrabodies" has opened up novel avenues for medical countermeasures against fast-acting biothreat agents. In this report, we describe a heterodimeric intrabody that renders Vero cells virtually impervious to ricin toxin (RT), a potent Category B ribosome-inactivating protein. The intrabody consists of two structurally defined V_HHs that target distinct epitopes on RT's enzymatic subunit (RTA): V9E1 targets RTA's P-stalk recruitment site, and V2A11 targets RTA's active site. Resistance to RT conferred by the biparatopic V_HH construct far exceeded that of either of the V_HHs alone and effectively inhibited all measurable RT-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. We propose that the targeted delivery of bispecific intrabodies to lung tissues may represent a novel means to shield the airways from the effects of inhalational RT exposure.