Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Does the underprivileged area index work?

R Leavey, J Wood

    British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
    |September 14, 1985
    PubMed

    Insights

    The Jarman underprivileged area index identifies areas needing general practitioner services. Wards with the worst scores showed the highest doctor-to-patient ratios, indicating high pressure on healthcare providers.

    Area of Science:

    • Primary Care Medicine
    • Healthcare Management
    • Public Health Policy

    Background:

    • The Jarman underprivileged area index was created to pinpoint areas with substantial need for general practitioner (GP) services.
    • It aimed to identify regions where GPs faced the most significant professional demands and resource constraints.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the correlation between the Jarman underprivileged area index scores and doctor-to-patient ratios in primary care settings.
    • To assess the index's effectiveness in reflecting the pressure on general practitioner services in different geographical areas.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data correlating ward scores on the Jarman underprivileged area index with existing doctor-to-patient ratios.
    • Geographical analysis to identify variations in need and resource allocation within small areas.

    Main Results:

    • A significant finding was that wards with the highest scores on the underprivileged area index exhibited the highest doctor-to-patient ratios.
    • This suggests a direct relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and the workload intensity for general practitioners.

    Conclusions:

    • The Jarman index is a valuable tool for identifying areas of high need and pressure for GP services.
    • However, it should be utilized in conjunction with other indicators to achieve a more nuanced understanding of variations in healthcare needs at a local level.

    Related Concept Videos

    Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

    Fundamental Attribution Error

    According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
    Percentile01:18

    Percentile

    A percentile indicates the relative standing of a data value when data are sorted into numerical order from smallest to largest. It represents the percentages of data values that are less than or equal to the pth percentile. For example, 15% of data values are less than or equal to the 15th percentile. Low percentiles always correspond to lower data values. High percentiles always correspond to higher data values.Percentiles divide ordered data into hundredths. To score in the...
    Quartile01:15

    Quartile

    Quartiles are numbers that separate the data into quarters. Quartiles may or may not be part of the data. To find the quartiles, first, find the median or second quartile. The first quartile, Q1, is the middle value of the lower half of the data, and the third quartile, Q3, is the middle value, or median, of the upper half of the data. To get the idea, consider the same data set:
    1; 1; 2; 2; 4; 6; 6.8; 7.2; 8; 8.3; 9; 10; 10; 11.5
    The median or second quartile is seven. The lower half of the...
    Law of Rational Indices01:29

    Law of Rational Indices

    The Law of rational indices is a fundamental principle in the field of crystallography. According to this law, the intercepts of a crystal face along the crystallographic axes (the three-dimensional axes along which a crystal is measured) can be expressed as either equivalent to the unit intercepts (a, b, c) or simple whole number multiples of them. These multiples are typically denoted as na, n'b, and n''c, where n, n', and n'' are simple whole numbers.To illustrate, consider a crystal with...
    Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method01:24

    Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method

    The alternative coordinate method, also known as the Shoelace Formula, is a technique for determining the area of a traverse using Cartesian coordinates. This method relies on the sequential arrangement of x and y coordinates for each point of the shape, ensuring accuracy and ease of application.In this approach, each corner's x and y coordinates are listed as fractions, with the x-coordinate as the numerator and the y-coordinate as the denominator. These coordinates are arranged sequentially...
    Inequalities01:28

    Inequalities

    Inequalities express mathematical relationships where two values are not equal and are compared using symbols such as <, >, ≤, or ≥. These expressions define a range of possible solutions rather than a single value. Interval notation provides a concise way to express these solution sets, especially when the variable spans a continuous range. An open interval, written as (a, b), excludes the endpoints, while a closed interval [a, b] includes them. There are also half-open intervals, such...