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Bee sensitivity derived from acute contact tests biased by standardised protocols?

Jan Baas1, Timm Knautz2, Annika Barme2

  • 1Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|September 19, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardized pesticide testing on bees is biased. Droplet size significantly impacts toxicity results, not just bee sensitivity, affecting smaller species disproportionately.

Keywords:
Acute contact testBee sensitivityBee testingBeeGUTS

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Area of Science:

  • Ecotoxicology
  • Insect toxicology
  • Pollinator health

Background:

  • Standardized acute contact tests are crucial for assessing pesticide toxicity in bees.
  • Current protocols often use fixed droplet volumes across diverse bee species.
  • This standardization may introduce biases due to variations in bee size and surface area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of droplet volume on acute contact toxicity tests in different bee species.
  • To analyze the influence of droplet size on toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects.
  • To determine if standardized testing methods accurately reflect interspecies sensitivity differences.

Main Methods:

  • Acute contact toxicity tests were performed using dimethoate on four bee species: alfalfa leafcutter bee, red mason bee, honeybee, and bumblebee.
  • The effect of varying droplet volumes was assessed.
  • Results were analyzed using a ToxicoKinetic ToxicoDynamic (TKTD) model to differentiate kinetic and dynamic effects.

Main Results:

  • The magnitude of bee response increased with larger droplet volumes.
  • Slower onset of toxic effects was observed in red mason bees and bumblebees compared to honeybees and alfalfa leafcutter bees.
  • Differences in observed responses were attributed to relative dosed surface area ratios, not solely to species-specific sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized fixed-volume testing can bias comparisons of bee species sensitivity to pesticides.
  • Smaller bee species appear more sensitive due to a higher relative dosed surface area.
  • Revising testing protocols to account for species-specific surface area is necessary for accurate ecotoxicological assessments.