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Life's biochemical processes occur within aqueous solutions. Solutes are substances that are dissolved within these solutions. The human body contains a variety of solutes, which can differ across various body parts. These can encompass proteins—such as those responsible for clotting and carbohydrate transport—as well as electrolytes. In medicine, an electrolyte is often described as a mineral ion derived from a salt possessing an electric charge. Examples include sodium ions...
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Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
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Intraday Variations in Skin Water Parameters.

Harvey N Mayrovitz1

  • 1Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
|September 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Skin hydration (SCH) and water loss (TEWL) show minimal daily changes. Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) slightly decreases throughout the day, offering confidence in measurements across different times.

Keywords:
Diurnal variationIntraday changesStratum corneum hydrationTissue dielectric constantTransepidermal water loss

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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Skin Physiology
  • Biophysical Measurement Techniques

Background:

  • Stratum corneum hydration (SCH), tissue dielectric constant (TDC), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are key skin water assessments.
  • These parameters are vital for skin research, clinical diagnostics (e.g., diabetes, lymphedema), and understanding skin physiology.
  • Volar forearm skin is commonly used for assessments at various times of day (TOD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intraday variability of SCH, TDC, and TEWL measurements.
  • To determine if time of day influences these critical skin hydration parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve medical students performed self-measurements of SCH, TDC, and TEWL on their forearms.
  • Measurements were taken every 2 hours from 08:00 to 24:00 over two consecutive days.
  • The nonparametric Friedman test was used to analyze differences in parameters across TOD.

Main Results:

  • No significant intraday variations were observed for SCH or TEWL across the 16-hour measurement interval.
  • TDC showed a slight but significant decrease from morning to evening, without a clear diurnal pattern.
  • A significant nonlinear relationship was identified between TEWL and SCH.

Conclusions:

  • Intraday variations in SCH and TEWL are minimal, increasing confidence in measurements taken at different TOD.
  • TDC exhibits a slight decline throughout the day, a factor to consider in clinical assessments.
  • The discovered nonlinear relationship between TEWL and SCH warrants further physiological investigation.