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Imaging modalities in cardiac amyloidosis.

Zubair Bashir1, Mahnoor Musharraf2, Rabia Azam3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|September 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a heart failure cause. This review details advanced diagnostic tools like scintigraphy and imaging for early detection and better patient outcomes in CA.

Keywords:
Cardiac AmyloidosisCardiac Magnetic Resonance ImagingLight chain amyloidosisSpeckle tracking echocardiographyTransthyretin amyloidosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Amyloidosis

Background:

  • Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy.
  • It is caused by amyloid fibril deposition in the myocardium.
  • Key types include transthyretin (ATTR) and light chain (AL) amyloidosis, with ATTR further divided into wild-type (ATTRwt) and hereditary (ATTRv).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic modalities for cardiac amyloidosis.
  • To emphasize the role of these tools in early detection and disease burden quantification.
  • To aid clinicians in efficient CA diagnosis for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic tools including electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy.
  • Discussion of non-invasive diagnostic approaches.
  • Highlighting the need for histological confirmation in AL amyloidosis.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic advancements have revolutionized non-invasive CA diagnosis.
  • ATTR amyloidosis is often diagnosed via scintigraphy.
  • AL amyloidosis typically requires histological confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and quantification of disease burden are crucial for timely treatment and prognostication.
  • Advanced diagnostic tools are vital for improving patient outcomes in cardiac amyloidosis.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview to assist clinicians in diagnosing CA efficiently.