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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells

Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells

Published on: April 7, 2016

Corneal epithelial-stromal constructs to study differences associated with diabetes mellitus.

Brenna S Hefley¹, Tina B McKay², Audrey E K Hutcheon³

¹North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.

Experimental Eye Research

|September 19, 2024

Summary

Diabetes mellitus impairs corneal wound healing by altering stromal extracellular vesicles (EVs). Fibroblasts from diabetic patients produce fewer and smaller EVs, potentially impacting tissue repair and increasing scarring risk.

Keywords:

Diabetic neuropathy Endosomal Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Keratectomy Tissue-engineered cornea

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Published on: November 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Cell Biology

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes severe eye complications, including corneal issues like delayed healing and scarring.
A previously established human corneal epithelial and stromal co-culture model is utilized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on corneal epithelial-stromal constructs.
To explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by corneal stromal fibroblasts in diabetic corneal wound healing.

Main Methods:

Generated corneal epithelial-stromal co-culture models using fibroblasts from T1DM, T2DM, and control subjects.
Analyzed epithelial morphology, stromal layer thickness, and characterized EVs from stromal fibroblasts, including tetraspanin markers (CD63, CD81, CD9).

Main Results:

T2DM constructs showed epithelial disruption and thicker stroma compared to controls and T1DM.
Both T1DM and T2DM stromal fibroblasts produced EVs with lower thrombospondin-1 expression.
Control fibroblasts generated more and larger EVs than T1DM and T2DM fibroblasts, indicating altered cell communication.

Conclusions:

Diabetes alters corneal stromal fibroblast extracellular vesicle production and cargo, potentially contributing to impaired wound healing.
Reduced EV secretion and altered content may be key factors in diabetic corneal pathology.
Further EV characterization could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic corneal complications.