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Related Concept Videos

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Mechanical behaviour of granular materials undergoing grain dissolution.

Taeheon Kim1,2, Alessio Ferrari3, Lyesse Laloui3

  • 1Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland. Taeheon.kim@ngi.no.

Scientific Reports
|September 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mineral dissolution in geomaterials poses risks to geotechnical projects, worsened by climate change. This study quanties dissolution effects on geomechanical behavior using salt-sand mixtures and oedometer tests.

Keywords:
Critical state soil mechanicsDegradation of geomaterialsDissolutionGeomechanicsGranular soils

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Material Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Geotechnical projects face risks from mineral dissolution and particle loss.
  • Climate change exacerbates these risks by accelerating physical processes.
  • Understanding mineral dissolution's impact on geomechanical behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical framework for the mechanical consequences of geomaterial dissolution.
  • To experimentally investigate the effect of mineral dissolution on granular materials.
  • To analyze the stress-dependent response of geomaterials to dissolution.

Main Methods:

  • A theoretical approach was developed for geomaterial mechanical consequences.
  • Oedometer tests were performed on salt-sand mixtures with varying salt content.
  • Salt crystal dissolution was conducted under three different stress states.

Main Results:

  • The effect of dissolution on mechanical behavior was dependent on dissolved salt quantity.
  • The applied stress state significantly influenced the dissolution's impact.
  • Laboratory experiments provided insights into grain dissolution's effect on granular materials.

Conclusions:

  • The study validated a theoretical framework for analyzing geomaterial dissolution.
  • Dissolution effects are linked to salt content and applied stress.
  • Findings have implications for geotechnical engineering, especially concerning climate change.