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Characteristic differences between full-term and premature infants with intermittent exotropia.

Dong Cheol Lee1, Jihyun Park2, Hye Sung Park3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dalgubeol-Daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 103542601, Korea.

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Summary

Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is common in premature infants. Preterm and low birth weight infants with IXT showed significantly poorer stereopsis, necessitating early intervention for better surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
ExotropiaLow birth weightLow gestational agePreterm infantsStrabismus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Strabismus Research

Background:

  • Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is a common form of strabismus, particularly in preterm infants in Southeast Asia.
  • Prevalence and specific risk factors for IXT in South Korean infants require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the characteristics of intermittent exotropia (IXT) between full-term and premature infants.
  • To identify associations between gestational age, birth weight, and stereopsis in IXT patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional study of IXT patients with childbirth history.
  • Patients categorized into preterm vs. full-term and low birth weight (LBW) vs. normal birth weight (NBW) groups.
  • Analysis of stereopsis using the Titmus test, alongside parental heredity, surgical history, and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Univariate analysis revealed a higher frequency of poor stereopsis (≥100s on Titmus test) in preterm (OR=1.352) and LBW infants (OR=1.412) compared to their full-term and NBW counterparts.
  • Multivariate regression confirmed that LBW infants had significantly poorer stereopsis (OR=2.032) than NBW infants.
  • No significant differences were noted in heredity, surgical history, or treatment options between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Premature infants and those with low birth weight are at higher risk for poorer stereopsis in intermittent exotropia.
  • Early stereopsis assessment is crucial for preterm and LBW infants with IXT to guide surgical planning and minimize recurrence risk.