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Characteristic differences between full-term and premature infants with intermittent exotropia
Dong Cheol Lee1, Jihyun Park2, Hye Sung Park3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dalgubeol-Daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 103542601, Korea.
Insights
Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is common in premature infants. Preterm and low birth weight infants with IXT showed significantly poorer stereopsis, necessitating early intervention for better surgical outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Strabismus Research
Background:
- Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is a common form of strabismus, particularly in preterm infants in Southeast Asia.
- Prevalence and specific risk factors for IXT in South Korean infants require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the characteristics of intermittent exotropia (IXT) between full-term and premature infants.
- To identify associations between gestational age, birth weight, and stereopsis in IXT patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, cross-sectional study of IXT patients with childbirth history.
- Patients categorized into preterm vs. full-term and low birth weight (LBW) vs. normal birth weight (NBW) groups.
- Analysis of stereopsis using the Titmus test, alongside parental heredity, surgical history, and treatment options.
Main Results:
- Univariate analysis revealed a higher frequency of poor stereopsis (≥100s on Titmus test) in preterm (OR=1.352) and LBW infants (OR=1.412) compared to their full-term and NBW counterparts.
- Multivariate regression confirmed that LBW infants had significantly poorer stereopsis (OR=2.032) than NBW infants.
- No significant differences were noted in heredity, surgical history, or treatment options between the groups.
Conclusions:
- Premature infants and those with low birth weight are at higher risk for poorer stereopsis in intermittent exotropia.
- Early stereopsis assessment is crucial for preterm and LBW infants with IXT to guide surgical planning and minimize recurrence risk.
Abstract:
Strabismus is prevalent among preterm infants of low gestational age and birth weight in Southeast Asian countries, with intermittent exotropia (IXT) being the most common type in South Korea. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we investigated the differences between full-term and premature infants with IXT. IXT patients with available childbirth history were divided into two groups: preterm vs. full-term and low birth weight (LBW) vs. normal birth weight (NBW). Parameters related to exotropia including parental heredity, surgical history, and treatment options were investigated. In univariate regression for gestational age, a result of ≥ 100 s in the Titmus test was 1.352 times more frequent in preterm than in full-term infants. When birth weight was considered instead, a result of ≥ 100 s in the Titmus test was 1.412 times more frequent in the LBW compared to the NBW group. In multivariate regression for birth weight, the frequency of a result of ≥ 100 s in the Titmus test for the LBW group was 2.032 times higher than that for the NBW group. It is particularly important to examine stereopsis in preterm and LBW patients affected by IXT to ensure timely surgical planning and avoid potential recurrence after surgery.
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