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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Constructing a Janus Catholyte/Cathode Structure: A New Strategy for Stable Zn-Organic Batteries.

Hu Hong1, Yiqiao Wang1, Zhiquan Wei1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 20, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed a Janus catholyte/cathode electrode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. This innovative design prevents organic material dissolution, enhancing battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:
Janus catholyte/cathode structureliquid‐liquid phase separationzn‐organic batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Organic materials offer eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives for aqueous zinc-ion battery electrodes.
  • A major challenge is the dissolution of organic materials during battery operation, limiting their practical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrode structure that prevents the dissolution of organic active materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
  • To enhance the cycling stability and rate capability of organic-based zinc-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • A Janus catholyte/cathode structured electrode was constructed using liquid-liquid phase separation within activated carbon.
  • The strategy leverages differences in anion hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity to control phase separation and ion coordination.
  • Redox-active organic molecules were confined in a liquid state to prevent diffusion.

Main Results:

  • The Janus electrode successfully confined redox-active organic molecules, eliminating volume effects and electrolyte diffusion.
  • The approach allowed precise regulation of ion cluster structures, ensuring efficient ion transport.
  • The constructed Zn||Janus catholyte/cathode cells achieved a high reversible rate capacity of 186 mAh g⁻¹ at 5.0 A g⁻¹ and retained 72.5% capacity after 12,000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Janus catholyte/cathode strategy effectively overcomes the dissolution issue of organic materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
  • This approach offers a versatile platform for designing advanced organic electrode materials, moving beyond traditional solid-state limitations.
  • The findings open new avenues for developing high-performance, sustainable energy storage systems.