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Paleopteran molecular clock: Time drift and recent acceleration.

Soichi Osozawa1,2, André Nel3

  • 1Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan.

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|September 20, 2024
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Summary

This study used Bayesian inference and fossil data to date insect evolution, revealing accelerated substitution rates in recent geological periods. Findings highlight the impact of Quaternary climate change on insect speciation and genetic diversity.

Keywords:
BEAST v1.10.4Odonataatmospheric CO2carboniferousexponentially increased base substitution ratefossil and geological event calibrationglacier periodquaternarytMRCA; quaternary and pre quaternary calibration

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Phylogenetics
  • Insect Paleontology

Background:

  • Accurate dating of insect evolutionary history is crucial for understanding diversification patterns.
  • Previous molecular clock studies often relied on limited calibration points, leading to dating inaccuracies.
  • The influence of Quaternary climate fluctuations on insect evolution remains an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a robust, time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for major insect lineages, including Paleoptera, Apterygota, and Neoptera.
  • To investigate the impact of incorporating both Quaternary and pre-Quaternary calibration points on divergence time estimates.
  • To analyze molecular clock progression and base substitution rates across geological timescales.

Main Methods:

  • Bayesian phylogenetic inference using BEAST v1.10.4 on a 2685 bp sequence dataset.
  • Incorporation of 22 calibration points, including geological events (Ryukyu Islands formation) and diverse fossil data (Devonian to Quaternary).
  • Analysis of molecular clock behavior and base substitution rate dynamics over time.

Main Results:

  • A dated Bayesian Inference tree of 322 insect taxa was generated, aligning with previous research but refining divergence times.
  • Robust dating necessitated the inclusion of both Quaternary and pre-Quaternary calibration points, mitigating overestimation.
  • Base substitution rates exhibit time-dependency, with an exponential increase from the Miocene to the present, potentially linked to Quaternary climate changes and a possible peak in the Carboniferous.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of diverse calibration strategies is essential for accurate molecular dating in insect evolution.
  • Quaternary climatic shifts likely played a significant role in the accelerated radiation and speciation of insects, particularly Paleoptera.
  • Molecular clock progression is non-uniform, rendering simple rate-dating approaches insufficient for complex evolutionary histories.