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The impact of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy on cognitive function and brain structure in pediatric patients with

Chunqin Lin, Yanru Huang, Qiansen Lin

    Technology and Health Care : Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine
    |September 20, 2024
    PubMed

    Insights

    Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy improved cognitive function in children with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Surgery also led to brain structure changes, suggesting functional recovery in affected children.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
    • Neuroscience
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children can be treated with tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.
    • OSAHS is associated with cognitive deficits and potential alterations in brain structure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy on cognitive function in children with OSAHS.
    • To evaluate changes in brain structure using resting-state fMRI after surgical intervention for OSAHS.

    Main Methods:

    • A study involving 40 children with OSAHS and 40 healthy controls.
    • Cognitive function assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT).
    • Brain structure changes evaluated using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

    Main Results:

    • Children with OSAHS exhibited cognitive impairment (higher SNAP-IV, lower IVA-CPT scores) compared to healthy peers.
    • Post-surgery, significant cognitive improvements were observed in OSAHS children.
    • Rs-fMRI revealed altered ReHo values in specific brain regions in OSAHS children, with normalization post-surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • Children with OSAHS experience cognitive impairment and neurological alterations.
    • Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy can enhance cognitive function and promote brain structure recovery in pediatric OSAHS.
    Abstract

    Keywords:
    IVA-CPTOSAHSReHoSNAP-IVcognitive functionrs-fMRI

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