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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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The relationship between intraocular pressure and glaucoma: An evolving concept.

Sanjay G Asrani1, Elyse J McGlumphy2, Lama A Al-Aswad3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
|September 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is crucial for glaucoma management. Ambulatory IOP monitoring outside clinic hours offers valuable data, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing vision loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key modifiable risk factor for glaucoma.
  • Recent advancements in tonometric technologies have enhanced understanding of IOP's role in glaucoma.
  • IOP exhibits significant fluctuations over time in glaucoma patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on factors determining IOP.
  • To evaluate IOP measurement technologies and their clinical rationale.
  • To assess current IOP monitoring limitations and propose improved approaches for glaucoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on IOP.
  • Analysis of retrospective and prospective data, including clinical trials.
  • Examination of data from home monitoring devices for hypertension and diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Glaucomatous eyes show greater IOP fluctuations than healthy eyes.
  • Peak IOP often occurs outside standard office hours.
  • IOP fluctuation, independent of mean IOP, is linked to glaucoma progression.

Conclusions:

  • Ambulatory IOP monitoring provides critical data for improved glaucoma patient outcomes.
  • Current standard-of-care IOP monitoring may not capture the full IOP profile.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate remote tonometry for glaucoma management.