Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Overactive Bladder Risk in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Gastroenterology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders.
• Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impacts quality of life, characterized by urinary urgency and frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) usage and the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in an adult population.
• To investigate the dose-response relationship between PPI duration and OAB incidence.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2007-2018).
• Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to assess the PPI-OAB relationship.
• Interaction and stratification analyses were conducted to explore modifying factors.

Main Results:

• The study included 24,458 adults, with PPI users showing higher rates of nocturia, urge incontinence, and OAB.
• Fully adjusted models revealed a significant increased risk of OAB in PPI users (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.17-1.60).
• Each additional year of PPI use was associated with a 3% increase in OAB symptom frequency (P=.01).

Conclusions:

• A significant positive association exists between PPI use and the development of OAB in adults.
• Prolonged duration of PPI therapy correlates with an elevated risk of experiencing OAB symptoms.