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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Recent advances and progress in immunotherapy of solid cancers.

Amit Kumar¹, Luni Emdad², Swadesh K Das²

¹Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.

Advances in Cancer Research

|September 21, 2024

Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for solid tumors but faces challenges. Engineered CAR NK and CAR M cells offer alternative strategies for effective cancer immunotherapy, with ongoing clinical trials evaluating their potential.

Keywords:

CAR NK cells CAR T cells CAR macrophages Immunotherapy Solid cancers

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Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Biotechnology

Background:

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective for blood cancers but faces challenges in solid tumors.
Obstacles include immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, limited trafficking, and lack of specific antigens.
CAR T-cell advancements show promise but require further development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review engineered immune cell-based immunotherapies for solid tumors.
To examine the potential of CAR NK and CAR M cells as alternatives to CAR T cells.
To provide an overview of current clinical trials for modified immune cells targeting solid tumors.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive review of recent developments in CAR T, CAR NK, and CAR M cell engineering.
Analysis of challenges and advantages of each cell type in solid tumor treatment.
Summary of ongoing clinical trials investigating safety and efficacy.

Main Results:

CAR T-cell therapy efficacy in solid tumors remains limited due to the tumor microenvironment and other factors.
CAR NK cells offer advantages in availability and reduced toxicity.
CAR M cells show potential for penetrating solid tumor microenvironments.

Conclusions:

Engineered immune cells, including CAR NK and CAR M, represent promising alternatives for solid tumor immunotherapy.
Overcoming current obstacles requires further innovation in cell engineering and therapeutic strategies.
Clinical trials are crucial for evaluating the safety and effectiveness of these novel approaches.