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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

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Ultrasound Induces Similar Temporal Endothelial Expression Patterns of eNOS and KLF2 as Normal Flow.

Jaideep Sahni¹, Ian S McCue¹, Adam R Johnson¹

¹Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

|September 21, 2024

Summary

Longer low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) gene expression. Six hours of LIPUS maximized beneficial gene expression, similar to normal flow but with faster response.

Keywords:

Acoustic pressure Atherosclerosis Biomechanics Endothelial cells Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound Shear stress Wound healing

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Published on: October 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Mechanobiology

Background:

Vascular endothelial cells respond to mechanical stimuli.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a therapeutic modality.
Understanding LIPUS effects on endothelial gene expression is crucial for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to prolonged low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure.
To compare LIPUS effects with normal blood flow on gene expression.
To identify the optimal LIPUS duration for maximizing mechanosensitive gene expression.

Main Methods:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to LIPUS (1 MHz, 217 kPa) for varying durations (20 min to 24 h).
Gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) was quantified using RT-qPCR.
Cells exposed to normal flow served as a comparator.

Main Results:

Maximum eNOS and KLF2 expression was observed at 6 hours of LIPUS exposure.
LIPUS induced a faster beneficial response compared to normal flow, though flow resulted in higher overall gene expression.
Gene expression patterns under LIPUS and normal flow were qualitatively similar.

Conclusions:

Extended LIPUS exposure can enhance the expression of beneficial endothelial genes.
LIPUS and normal flow appear to activate similar cellular signaling pathways.
Increased RNA yield with LIPUS may indicate a wound-healing rather than atheroprotective response.