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Updated: May 5, 2026

Extended Time-lapse Intravital Imaging of Real-time Multicellular Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment
Published on: June 12, 2016
Protocol to quantify the activation dynamics of tumor-associated T cells in mice by functional intravital microscopy
Shannon N Geels1, Claire Murat1, Alexander Moshensky1
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Tumor-associated T cells orchestrate cancer rejection after checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. T cell function depends on dynamic antigen recognition through the T cell receptor (TCR) resulting in T cell activation. Here, we present an approach to quantify the dynamics and magnitude of tumor-associated T cell activation at multiple time points in living mice using the genetically encoded calcium reporter Salsa6f and functional intravital microscopy (F-IVM). Our protocol allows researchers to measure the activation dynamics of various immune cells in vivo. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Geels et al.1.
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