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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

22.8K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
22.8K
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
21.9K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

28.2K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
28.2K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

19.3K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
19.3K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.8K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.8K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.3K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids
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Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

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Arrayed metal phosphide heterostructure by Fe doping for robust overall water splitting.

Juanjuan Huo1, Yang Ming2, Xianglong Huang3

  • 1Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|September 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel N-doped carbon-shelled Fe-doped cobalt phosphide electrocatalyst on nickel foam for efficient water electrolysis. The bifunctional catalyst demonstrates excellent hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction performance and durability.

Keywords:
Doping modificationElectronic structureHeterostructureMetal phosphideWater electrolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are promising for water electrolysis due to their electronic properties.
  • Limitations include insufficient active sites, poor conductivity, and complex reaction pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a highly efficient, bifunctional, self-supported electrocatalyst for water electrolysis.
  • To enhance catalytic activity and durability through material design and doping.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal and phosphorization techniques were used to create N-doped carbon shell anchored on Fe-doped CoP/Co2P arrays on nickel foam (NC@Fe-CoxP/NF).
  • Electrochemical characterization and theoretical calculations were employed to evaluate performance.

Main Results:

  • The NC@Fe0.1-CoP/Co2P/NF catalyst exhibited low overpotentials: 122 mV for HER and 270 mV for OER at 100 mA cm-2.
  • The bifunctional catalyst achieved 100 mA cm-2 at 1.70 V in an alkaline electrolyzer with long-term stability.
  • Fe doping and N-doped carbon shell enhanced active site density and tuned electronic structure.

Conclusions:

  • The developed NC@Fe-CoxP/NF catalyst offers superior performance for water electrolysis.
  • This work provides a pathway for designing advanced self-supported electrocatalysts for practical applications.