Light-driven biodegradation of chloramphenicol by photosensitized Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Efficient and sustainable degradation of chloramphenicol has piqued the interest of the scientific community. This study constructed a photosensitized biohybrid system using Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and cadmium sulfide (CdS). This system could efficiently degrade chloramphenicol with robust stability. Inhibitor experiments and transcriptome analysis revealed that reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, iron-sulfur cluster, menaquinone, cytochrome b561, cytochrome c, cytochrome P450, and formate dehydrogenase/hydrogenase are involved in direct electron transfer from S. oneidensis MR-1 to photogenerated holes of CdS. The S. oneidensis MR-1/CdS biohybrid alleviated chloramphenicol-induced physiological impairments, which can be attributed to the decreased levels of extracellular polymeric substances, malondialdehyde, and extracellular membrane permeability and the increased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase, alkene reductase, and carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase promoted the inactivation and further degradation of chloramphenicol. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential applications of the S. oneidensis MR-1/CdS biohybrid in the remediation of chloramphenicol contamination.