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A graphical model to make explicit pharmacist clinical reasoning during medication review
Bertrand Guignard1, Françoise Crevier2, Bernard Charlin3
1Pharmacy, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|September 22, 2024
Summary
This study models pharmacist clinical reasoning during medication review, adapting a physician model to clarify implicit cognitive processes. The developed model aids in teaching and skill development for patient-centered pharmaceutical care.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cognitive Science
- Medical Education
Background:
- Pharmacists' roles have expanded beyond dispensing to patient-centered clinical services.
- Pharmacist clinical reasoning is crucial for these roles but remains understudied and implicit.
- Existing models of pharmacist clinical reasoning lack unified mapping.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a model of pharmacist clinical reasoning during medication review.
- To adapt and align a physician clinical reasoning model for pharmacists.
- To clarify implicit cognitive processes in pharmacist decision-making.
Main Methods:
- Instrumental case study approach.
- Adaptation of a previously published modelling-using-typified-objects model.
- Iterative development and expert consultation for model validation.
Main Results:
- A novel model of pharmacist clinical reasoning during medication review was developed.
- The model aligns pharmacist reasoning components with physician reasoning.
- The model illustrates a flexible, multipath structure reflecting the dynamic nature of clinical reasoning.
Conclusions:
- The developed model delineates subprocesses of pharmacist clinical reasoning.
- This model can clarify implicit cognitive processes, enhancing reflective skill development.
- It supports the objective of promoting reflective practice over tacit knowledge acquisition.
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