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Routes to Bidirectional Cathodes for Reversible Aprotic Alkali Metal-CO2 Batteries.

Yihao Cheng1, Yuxuan Wang1, Biao Chen1,2

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Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
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This review explores bidirectional cathodes for aprotic alkali metal-CO2 batteries (AAMCBs), focusing on improving CO2 reduction and evolution reactions. Strategies for optimizing cathode catalysts and environments are discussed to enhance battery performance.

Keywords:
CO2 reduction and evolution reactionsaprotic alkali metal–CO2 batteriesbidirectional cathodeexternal environmentinternal catalyst

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aprotic alkali metal-CO2 batteries (AAMCBs) offer CO2 fixation and energy storage.
  • Sluggish CO2 reduction (CO2RR) and evolution (CO2ER) kinetics hinder AAMCB practical implementation.
  • Cathodes are crucial for CO2RR and CO2ER, connecting internal catalysts with the external environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of bidirectional cathodes for reversible AAMCBs.
  • To systematically discuss engineering strategies for internal catalysts and external environments.
  • To elucidate the relationship between cathode design, reaction kinetics, and battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and research.
  • Systematic discussion of engineering strategies at atomic, nanoscopic, and macroscopic levels for catalysts.
  • Analysis of external environment modifications including photo, photo-thermal, and force field approaches.
  • Integration of computational and experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Identified key strategies for optimizing bidirectional cathode performance in AAMCBs.
  • Elucidated the mechanisms of CO2ER and CO2RR.
  • Established a framework linking cathode engineering to electrochemical performance and battery function.
  • Highlighted the importance of a holistic approach to cathode design.

Conclusions:

  • A fundamental understanding for designing effective bidirectional cathodes is established.
  • A clear route for developing reversible AAMCBs and similar metal-gas batteries is proposed.
  • Optimizing both internal catalysts and external environments is critical for advancing AAMCB technology.