Application of multi-omics in the study of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is playing an increasingly important role in disease treatment due to the advantages of multi-target, multi-pathway mechanisms, low adverse reactions and cost-effectiveness. However, the complexity of TCM system poses challenges for research. In recent years, there has been a surge in the application of multi-omics integrated research to explore the active components and treatment mechanisms of TCM from various perspectives, which aids in advancing TCM's integration into clinical practice and holds immense importance in promoting modernization. In this review, we discuss the application of proteomics, metabolomics, and mass spectrometry imaging in the study of composition, quality evaluation, target identification, and mechanism of action of TCM based on existing literature. We focus on the workflows and applications of multi-omics based on mass spectrometry in the research of TCM. Additionally, potential research ideas for future exploration in TCM are outlined. Overall, we emphasize the advantages and prospects of multi-omics based on mass spectrometry in the study of the substance basis and mechanism of action of TCM. This synthesis of methodologies holds promise for enhancing our understanding of TCM and driving its further integration into contemporary medical practices.