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Normal Development of Tibiofemoral Angle in Healthy South-Eastern Nigerian Children: A Clinical Study on 3147

Henry Nnyagu1, Henry Obinna Obiegbu2, Udo Anyaehie1

  • 1National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

Journal of the West African College of Surgeons
|September 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Most Nigerian children aged 3-17 have valgus tibiofemoral angle (TFA), a common indicator of lower limb alignment. This knee valgus angle naturally decreases with age and varies by gender.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic biomechanics
  • Pediatric orthopaedics
  • Human anatomy

Background:

  • Angular deformities of lower extremities are common in children.
  • These deformities are a frequent reason for orthopaedic referral.
  • The tibiofemoral angle (TFA) measures the alignment of the femur and tibia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the normal tibiofemoral angle (TFA) in healthy South-Eastern Nigerian children.
  • To investigate the influence of age and gender on TFA in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in Enugu metropolis.
  • Data were collected from 3147 school children and adolescents aged 3-17 years.

Main Results:

  • The majority of subjects (97.6%) exhibited a valgus TFA.
  • The peak knee valgus angle was 6.8° ± 0.80° at age 4, decreasing to a mean of 2° by age 17.
  • Significant physiological variations in TFA were observed based on age and gender.

Conclusions:

  • Tibiofemoral angles in children undergo physiological changes with age and gender.
  • These findings provide normative data for TFA in Nigerian children, aiding in the assessment of lower limb alignment.
Abstract

Keywords:
Goniometertibio-femoral anglevalgus

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