Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

8.0K
Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action...
8.0K
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

654
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
654
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

2.5K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
2.5K
Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

3.5K
Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
3.5K
Tonicity in Animals00:59

Tonicity in Animals

117.0K
The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
117.0K
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

1.7K
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of a kennel conditioning protocol on transport-induced stress in minipigs: insights from heart rate variability and salivary cortisol.

Veterinary research communications·2026
Same author

Emotional body odors alter autonomic nervous activity during mindfulness training in social anxiety.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same author

Evidence of Physiological Comodulation During Human-Animal Interaction: A Systematic Review.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same author

Editorial: Multimodal brain data integration and computational modeling.

Frontiers in neuroinformatics·2026
Same author

On human synchrony: A systematic review of the origins of physiological and neural synchrony in parent-infant dyads (0-12 months).

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Pain, Opioids, and Functional Connectivity in Preterm Infants.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Construction of a Realistic, Whole-Body, Three-Dimensional Equine Skeletal Model using Computed Tomography Data
11:09

Construction of a Realistic, Whole-Body, Three-Dimensional Equine Skeletal Model using Computed Tomography Data

Published on: February 25, 2021

3.1K

Unveiling directional physiological coupling in human-horse interactions.

Alejandro Luis Callara1,2, Chiara Scopa3, Laura Contalbrigo4

  • 1Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.

Iscience
|September 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals physiological synchronization between humans and horses, showing bidirectional heart rate variability coupling influenced by behavior and familiarity. This offers a new quantitative tool for assessing animal interactions.

Keywords:
Behavioral neuroscienceEquine behaviorZoology

More Related Videos

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

4.3K
Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Construction of a Realistic, Whole-Body, Three-Dimensional Equine Skeletal Model using Computed Tomography Data
11:09

Construction of a Realistic, Whole-Body, Three-Dimensional Equine Skeletal Model using Computed Tomography Data

Published on: February 25, 2021

3.1K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

4.3K
Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Human-animal interaction
  • Physiological sciences

Background:

  • The human-horse bond is complex, with limited understanding of underlying physiological synchrony.
  • Previous research suggests emotional contagion but lacks detailed physiological evidence.
  • Investigating interspecies physiological regulation is crucial for understanding animal-assisted therapies and animal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological mechanisms of the human-horse bond.
  • To test the hypothesis of physiological synchronization in human-horse interactions.
  • To quantify interspecies physiological coupling using advanced analytical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Employed time-frequency Granger causality analysis on heart rate variability (HRV) data.
  • Collected concurrent behavioral data to contextualize physiological findings.
  • Analyzed the contributions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the observed synchrony.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated bidirectional synchronization in HRV between humans and horses.
  • Found that coupling directionality is significantly influenced by behavioral context (e.g., exploration vs. grooming) and familiarity.
  • Identified specific patterns of physiological connectivity dependent on the nature of the interaction and the relationship's familiarity.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological synchronization is a key component of the human-horse bond.
  • Behavior and familiarity are critical modulators of interspecies physiological coupling.
  • This quantitative approach provides a valuable tool for assessing animal-assisted therapies, equine sports, and other human-animal domains.