[Metabolic, clinical and body composition changes in Mexican adults undergoing bariatric surgery]

Background: morbid obesity is a major public health problem that is increasing. Currently, there are a limited number of studies carried out in the Mexican population that describe the effects of bariatric surgery. Objective: to establish in obese people who undergoing weight loss surgery, the metabolic and body composition difference before and after bariatric surgery. Material and methods: an observational, analytical, and longitudinal study was carried out in 50 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Body composition and metabolic markers in blood were measured. Differences in the metabolic profile before and after surgery were analyzed in the entire study group and a subanalysis was performed by bariatric surgical technique. It was also determined the percentage of remission of comorbidities. Results: after the intervention, there is a significant decrease in all metabolic and body composition markers, except HDL cholesterol, which showed a tendency to increase without being significant. Women with LRYGB have a greater decrease in fat-free mass. LRYGB decreased the prevalence of fatty liver, gastroesophageal reflux, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia more, while LSG decreased the prevalence of hypertension, osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, and hypertriglyceridemia more. Conclusion: bariatric surgery induces metabolic changes that could contribute to improving comorbidities associated with obesity. In general, metabolic improvement is greater in LRYGB compared to LSG.