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Predictors for COVID-19-Specific and Non-COVID-19-Specific Deaths: A Cohort Study in Taiwan

Shang-Yih Chan1,2,3, Hsin-Hao Lai4,5, Yun-Ju Lai2,5,6,7

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital-Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei.

Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
|September 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Predictors of death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were identified. Vaccination and Paxlovid reduced COVID-19 deaths, while older age and comorbidities increased risks for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths.

Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Epidemiology
  • * Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • * Understanding predictors of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial.
  • * Distinguishing between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-specific and non-COVID-19-specific deaths requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To identify predictors for both COVID-19-specific and non-COVID-19-specific deaths among hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
  • * To evaluate the impact of vaccination status and antiviral treatment on mortality outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • * A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 2196 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Taiwan from January to July 2022.
  • * Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors for different causes of death.
  • * Data included patient demographics, vaccination status, treatment, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • * Among 175 deceased patients, 84% died from COVID-19-specific causes and 16% from non-COVID-19-specific causes.
  • * Age ≥ 65 significantly increased the risk of both COVID-19-specific (AOR=6.21) and non-COVID-19-specific deaths (AOR=6.06).
  • * Full vaccination (AOR=0.50) and Paxlovid treatment (AOR=0.45) were associated with lower COVID-19-specific mortality, while cancer or end-stage renal disease increased non-COVID-19-specific mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • * Vaccination and Paxlovid are effective in reducing COVID-19-specific mortality.
  • * Older adults and patients with specific comorbidities require close monitoring to mitigate non-COVID-19-specific death risks.
  • * Differentiating mortality causes is essential for targeted interventions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19Taiwancohort studymortalityrisk factor

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