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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Anti-aging based on stem cell therapy: A scoping review.

Nassar El Assaad1, Alain Chebly2,3, Rawad Salame4

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|September 23, 2024
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Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, offer therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration and controlling aging through their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Their role in tissue repair and combating age-related decline is a key focus in regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Stem cells reside in tissues, maintaining a quiescent state until needed for cell production.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells possess multipotency, immunomodulation, and therapeutic functions crucial for tissue regeneration.
  • Stem cell secretions (paracrine factors, extracellular vesicles, exosomes) exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and wound healing properties in various models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties, functions, and in vivo regulation of stem cells.
  • To explore the role of stem cells in tissue maintenance, disease, and aging control.
  • To highlight the potential of stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine and combating aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stem cell properties and functions.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on stem cell therapeutic potentials.
  • Examination of the impact of aging on stem cell capacity and regenerative potential.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, are vital for tissue regeneration and repair.
  • Stem cell secretions demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects.
  • Aging impairs stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, reducing regenerative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy holds promise for tissue repair and potentially controlling the aging process.
  • Understanding stem cell behavior in vivo is critical for advancing cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
  • Further research into stem cell properties and regulation is essential for clinical applications in aging and disease.