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Updated: Jun 12, 2025
Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: April 11, 2019
Monitoring Anesthetic Depth Using the Patient State Index in Electroconvulsive Therapy Improves Seizure Quality
Oscar Alcoverro-Fortuny1,2, Ferran Viñas Usan1,3, Carmen E Sanabria4
1Short-Term Psychiatry Hospitalization Unit, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain.
Objectives:
The determination of anesthetic depth has been used to assess the optimal moment for applying electrical stimuli in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as some of the anesthetics used can reduce its effectiveness. In this study, seizure quality was assessed using anesthetic depth measurement with the patient state index (PSI).
Methods:
A prospective experimental study was conducted with a control group, including a sample of 346 stimulations (PSI=134; Control=212) in 51 patients admitted and diagnosed with major depressive disorders. Seizure adequacy variables (seizure time in electroencephalogram [EEG] and motor activity, visual evaluation of the EEG, ECT-EEG parameter rating scale [EEPRS], seizure concordance, central inhibition, automated parameters, and autonomic activation) were assessed using linear mixed-effects models for continuous variables and generalized linear mixed-effects models for dichotomous variables.
Results:
The PSI group required lower stimulation energy. The use of the PSI was associated with longer seizure time, both motor and electroencephalographic, higher quality of the EEG recording, better seizure concordance, and higher values for the automated parameters of maximum sustained coherence and time to peak coherence.
Conclusions:
The use of the PSI to measure anesthetic depth may reduce the electrical stimulus charge required and improve seizure quality in ECT modified with propofol.
