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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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The Arabidopsis U1 snRNP regulates mRNA 3'-end processing.

Anchilie F Mangilet1,2, Joachim Weber1,3, Sandra Schüler1,3

  • 1Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.

Nature Plants
|September 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The U1 snRNP protein complex in Arabidopsis protects plant messenger RNAs from premature processing. This study reveals novel functions for U1 snRNP in regulating mRNA 3'-end processing and gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The spliceosome, particularly the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), is vital for eukaryotic gene regulation via intron removal.
  • Splicing-independent roles of U1 snRNP are known in metazoans, but poorly understood in plants due to limited tools and protein knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify proteins associated with Arabidopsis U1 snRNP.
  • To investigate novel, splicing-independent functions of U1 snRNP in plants.
  • To understand U1 snRNP's role in mRNA 3'-end processing.

Main Methods:

  • An RNA-centric proteomic approach was employed to identify U1 snRNP interactors in Arabidopsis.
  • Investigated the association of U1 snRNP with mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factors.
  • Examined the influence of U1 snRNP on pre-mRNA processing and alternative polyadenylation.

Main Results:

  • Over 200 proteins associated with Arabidopsis U1 snRNP were identified.
  • A strong link between U1 snRNP and mRNA cleavage/polyadenylation machinery was revealed.
  • U1 snRNP was found to prevent premature intronic cleavage/polyadenylation (telescripting) and influence 3'-UTR polyadenylation site selection.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive interactome of plant U1 snRNP.
  • Novel functions of U1 snRNP in regulating mRNA 3'-end processing in Arabidopsis were uncovered.
  • The findings lay the foundation for studying non-canonical functions of plant U1 snRNPs.