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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Racial and ethnic disparities exist in substance use and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).
  • Understanding how ACEs affect health outcomes across diverse populations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing research on ACEs and health outcomes in the United States, focusing on racial and ethnic variations.
  • To identify patterns in how ACEs influence health behaviors, physical health, and mental health across different racial and ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review of peer-reviewed literature published between 1997 and 2022.
  • Searches followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining ACEs, health outcomes, and racial/ethnic differences.

Main Results:

  • Forty-five articles were included, covering health behavior, physical health, and mental health outcomes.
  • Race/ethnicity showed a weaker association with ACEs' impact on behavioral and physical health.
  • Stronger evidence indicated that race/ethnicity moderates the relationship between ACEs and mental health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of ACEs on health is not uniform across racial and ethnic groups.
  • Future research should explore cultural, societal, and developmental factors mediating these relationships.
  • Tailored interventions considering racial/ethnic contexts are needed to address ACEs' long-term health consequences.