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Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in colostrum-fed calves: pathologic changes.

J E Bellamy, S D Acres

    American Journal of Veterinary Research
    |October 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Experimentally induced enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in calves showed that Escherichia coli adhered to the jejunum and ileum, causing villous stunting and epithelial cell damage. These findings highlight key pathological changes in calves affected by E. coli.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Microbiology
    • Animal Science

    Background:

    • Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis, caused by specific strains of Escherichia coli, is a significant cause of diarrhea in young calves.
    • Colostrum intake is crucial for passive immunity transfer, but its protective effect against experimental E. coli challenge needs further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally induce and characterize enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in colostrum-fed calves.
    • To investigate the histopathological changes and bacterial adherence patterns in the gastrointestinal tract following E. coli challenge.

    Main Methods:

    • Nine colostrum-fed calves were orally administered a high dose (10^11) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
    • Calves were euthanized at 12 hours post-exposure for necropsy and tissue collection.

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  • Histopathological examination of gastrointestinal tissues was performed to identify microscopic lesions and bacterial adherence.

    • Main Results:

    • Eight out of nine calves developed severe diarrhea, dehydration, and depression.
    • Histopathology revealed stunted villi, epithelial cell degeneration/exfoliation in the jejunum and ileum, and neutrophil emigration, particularly near Peyer's patches.
    • A distinct layer of E. coli adhered to the jejunal and ileal epithelial surfaces; minimal lesions and adherence were observed in the duodenum.
    • Similar pathological changes were noted in calves examined at later time points (24-36 hours post-exposure or spontaneous disease onset).

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental oral inoculation with a high dose of Escherichia coli effectively reproduces enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in colostrum-fed calves.
    • The primary pathological changes are localized to the jejunum and ileum, characterized by villous atrophy, epithelial damage, and bacterial adherence.
    • Neutrophil infiltration around Peyer's patches suggests an inflammatory response to the bacterial challenge.