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Simple acid-base disorders.

M L Hyneck

    American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review covers normal acid-base balance, laboratory tests, and disorders like metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Understanding these disruptions is crucial for effective treatment and managing drug-induced imbalances.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Acid-base homeostasis is vital, maintained by kidneys and lungs neutralizing metabolic acids.
    • Disruptions in buffering, renal excretion, or ventilation lead to acid-base disorders.
    • Metabolic disorders involve bicarbonate (HCO3-) changes; respiratory disorders involve carbon dioxide (Pco2) changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review normal acid-base regulation and associated laboratory tests.
    • To discuss metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.
    • To highlight the role of pharmacists in managing these disorders and drug-induced complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on acid-base physiology and pathophysiology.
    • Discussion of diagnostic criteria for metabolic and respiratory disorders.

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  • Presentation of therapeutic strategies and calculation formulas.

    • Main Results:

    • Metabolic acidosis: low pH, low HCO3-, compensatory low Pco2; treated with bicarbonate.
    • Metabolic alkalosis: high HCO3-, compensatory high Pco2; treated based on saline responsiveness.
    • Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis: primary Pco2 alterations; treatment targets underlying disease and Pco2 levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Acid-base balance is critical for health, maintained by complex physiological mechanisms.
    • Accurate diagnosis and understanding of compensatory mechanisms are key to managing acid-base disorders.
    • Pharmacists play a vital role in recognizing, treating, and preventing drug-related acid-base disturbances.